Robot: Human Anatomy and Bionic Humans

Robot Is having a bionic man all that great? No it is not. In the article â€Å"He, Robot the High-tech Future of the Human Body,† By Alexandra Sifferlin, she states that it is an improvement. In reality it is not the greatest thing in the world. They say bionic humans and bionic internal body parts could replace failing one. What if they malfunction or just stop working? What if the surgery does not go through and the patient dies? They are taking extremely big risks with the bionic human.Also what if the robots replace the working society? Does that mean we lose our jobs? Bionic limbs do help us and can be good for those who lost their limbs; but could we really trust an artificial replacement organ. â€Å"Kidney failure, for example, could be a nonissue if researchers†¦create a working artificial replacement organ,† (Sifferlin). Also what if these new bionic robots take over or work force? According to this article they are full functioning and can do the same a s a human can do.They can see, walk, pump blood, move and use all limbs. They are trying to make more advanced ones. â€Å"We are approaching a point where technology can fully replace a functionality of the human body,† (Sifferlin). Another problem with the bionic human is cost. They spent $1 million on â€Å"Rex† in the UK. How much are we willing to spend on Bionic body parts and Bionic humans? The last thing we need to take into consideration is could the bionic human and body parts cause issues with peoples religious views.

Career Service

Allyssa Snyder Career services 9 am class 1-9-13 Employability skills in an office My paper is going to be focused on the topic how will you use employability skills and in your career. Employability skills are very important in my career because you are around people all the time. If you didn’t have communication in a dental office you wouldn’t get anything done if you didn’t have teamwork in an office you would have to pay more people to do it individually if you don’t solve problems the there will always be problems in the office.Initiative in an office is important so that people can get tasks done faster and shows responsibility and politics. Planning and organization is also needed in an office so that you can schedule appointments and organize where the supplies and office equipment goes in the office. Self-management is how you keep yourself on time, responsible, and in self-control essay writer premium 3d. Learning in an office is important becaus e you learn new things and new techniques and you are never too old to learn new things.Technology is very important and office because you have you are growing every year and you need to keep up with the new technology and office. Communication in an office is important, between the boss and their employees, between the employees and the patient’s. The communication between the boss and their employees is important so that they know what to do in the office and how you want things were on. The communication between the employee and the patient is important so they know what’s wrong what they need. It is also important during scheduling.When you are working in an office you should also be a people person, you don’t want to have a negative attitude around patients. If you have a bad attitude when you are around patients they won’t want back to your office. That is why I think communication is important in an office. Teamwork in an office is common between the dental assistant and the dentist. If there wasn’t teamwork in the office there would be no dental assistants and the dentist would be working alone. It would take longer for the patient to be seen and also the octor would be tired by the end of the day. The dental assistant and dentist work together to examine the patient, do procedures on the patient. The dental assistant handles the paper work and scheduling for the doctor. Problem solving is an important skill to have, when you’re in an office and something happens you have to know how to handle is calmly, quietly and quickly. You don’t want the office to find out what happened and they worry what’s going on. When there is a problem with the insurance company that is when communication skills come in. ou have to know how to talk to them to resolve the problem. If there is a problem with the doctor then you have to remain calm when you talk to him and you have to know how to ask questions and listen to what they say. That’s why problem solving is important in a dental office. Organization and planning is useful in an office. When you are organized you know where things are in the office. You wouldn’t have a problem knowing where charts are, supplies and equipment is. Planning is useful in a office so that you know what the schedule is for the day and what the doctor is doing.Without those two skills the office would be very chaotic. You would not know where anything was or when appointments are. That’s why organization and planning is useful in an office. Self-management is when you are responsible for yourself and you go to work on time, do what your suppose to and take on new commitment. If you don’t make it to work on time or do not show up then the office would be short handed and you would of left then in a tight spot with less employees to see the patients for the day.If you don’t do what your suppose to then that means someone else has to do it, and that is not fair. That’s what you need to have good self- management skills or you would will not make it far in life. There are new techniques and technology that you have to learn. The technology is important so that you can know how to schedule appointment, know how to do the charting and most important emails and phone calls so that you can keep in touch with the employees and the patients.All these skills are important so that you can have a successful career in anything you do. All my examples are in the dental field because that’s the field I am going into. The three most important to my success is communication, so you can ask questions. Team work, not all the stress is not me if we work as a team. The last skill that is important to me is learning, so I know what the office is doing, what technology and also what techniques the doctor uses.

Popular culture Essay

Popular culture may remember Vincent van Gogh best as the maddened artist who, in a fit of insanity, cut off his own ear to present to a local prostitute. This anecdote of van Gogh’s most scandalous moments has endured as well as his paintings. Nonetheless, this chronicle reveals part of the mental schema of the man who is commonly regarded one of history’s most famous artists. When van Gogh first arrived in Paris from Antwerp in late 1885, the most popular painters in the art scene were already the Impressionists; they had already found their way into mainstream galleries and exhibition. In the French metropolis, van Gogh was able to learn and analyze Impressionist techniques as well as artistic philosophy. To the Impressionists, painting was understood as a method to explore new approaches to painting. Fresh modes of representation were especially crucial as the burgeoning popularity of the camera offered technical opposition that man was hard pressed to eclipse. As the camera flattened the image before it with immense technical proficiency, the Impressionists sought to explore emotion, color, and paint application, aspects that the camera had yet to replicate. In turn, they altered the trajectory of Western art from exact representation towards more expressionistic and individualistic interpretations. All these attributes can be found Starry Night, painted by the mentally perturbed van Gogh in 1889. The painting is a vibrant clash of subdued calmness and overt, dazzling calamity. However, the lore behind Starry Night and its origins have generated much of the popularity behind the piece. Because of this, there have been numerous readings and interpretations of the work, all of which hold argumentative merit, yet the universal remains that Starry Night is a testament to Impressionist painting because of the evocative rendering of the paint into semi-abstract forms, elements which became synonymous Antwerp with the Impressionists and symbolists later years. Stylistically, Starry Night is not unlike many of the other works that van Gogh worked on while he painted in his self proclaimed â€Å"Studio of the South. † Van Gogh was a worldly art scholar who was familiar with the trends of the Impressionist scene in Paris. However, he arrived in the city towards the end the group’s series of exhibitions. Nevertheless, he held a somewhat cynical view of his colleagues. He thought painting could explore new methods of visual communication, to convey feels and emotions in which words were not sufficient. Van Gogh briefly united with his friend and fellow painter, Paul Gauguin, in northern French town of Brittany. However, van Gogh longed for the warmth and sun, so he fled to Arles in the Provencal area of south France on the Mediterranean Sea. There he set up the â€Å"Studio of the South† in his own household, using it and his local surroundings as visual inspiration for his tenure in the city. While in Arles, van Gogh fought a brief bout with madness, possibly from his self-imposed exile from a fostering art community. On the urgency of van Gogh’s brother, Theo, Gauguin joined his friend in Arles and the two were briefly content with their rejuvenated methods of representation. However, Gauguin left the â€Å"Studio of the South† after only a few months, again throwing van Gogh into a depressive turmoil. A year after Gauguin’s departure, â€Å"in May 1889, van Gogh, who had suffered two attacks of what we today would probably call manic depression, was sent to the sanatorium of St. Remy, near Arles, by his devoted brother Theo. It was there that work for Starry Night may have been preconceived. Unlike many of the impressionists’ paintings of the era, it is believed that van Gogh planned out this particular painting, instead of creating it autonomously. Instead, the artist aggrandized and melded together a variety of seen motifs to create an ecstatic vision. The scene was, by his own account, an â€Å"exaggeration,† its â€Å"lines as warped as old wood. † By these accounts, van Gogh intended Starry Night to be a proliferation of his own psyche into the painting that would appear both a natural embellishment of gnarled deformality. Additionally, other sources cite van Gogh as stating â€Å"Now I have a portrait of Dr. Gachet with the broken hearted feature of our times,† in reference to Starry Night. Dr. Gachet was van Gogh’s psychiatrist while he stayed in St. Remy, it is also believed that he suffered severe mental illness as well as his patient; further suggesting van Gogh intended the painting to be a portrait of madness itself. The technique van Gogh employed while removed from bustling French capitol includes an intense smothering of paint (impasto), almost as if it were poured directly from paint tube unto painting. Once applied, the paint is liberally built up upon itself, as if sculpted out s against the flat plain of the canvas. This same type of painting can be found in Starry Night. The rich yellow of the vivid moon and sporadic stars appear to radiate against the sky in thick radiations of slashed lines. Conditionally, the sleepy town below appears calmly and quite lethargically rendered, as if to replicate the peaceful tranquility found below. To the center-left emerges a cascading, spiraling figure, brown in color and looming menacingly over the city below. Together, the three elements, the night sky, the town, and the foreground element (referred to by many as cypress tree ), make up the entirety of Starry Night, and it is from these three elements one can hope to conclude any meaning behind the painting. The center of the painting depicts the rolling hills of the village of St. Remy, which cascade into the horizon line. The houses and hillsides are depicted in cool, dark, gentle tones of blues and greens. The tranquil color and brushstrokes are evocative of a sleepy, serene village town that has long gone to sleep. At the center of village, like so many similar places in Europe, stands the tall steeple of the church looming over the surrounding, smaller buildings. Dispersed among the houses appear a few bushes or trees, nothing spectacularly large or looming. Instead, this was saved for the escalating, immense, dark arrangement that envelopes nearly a third of the foreground, the cypress tree. The tree appears to be rendered in a way that implies movement or vitality. The brushstrokes that make up the trunk thrust towards the heavens, seemingly rotating around each other while twisting upwards. This mimics the steeple, the symbol of united faith and assurance, found below in the town. While not immediately recognizable, the tree’s shape and curvature mimic the style found in the paintings most notable element, the starry sky. The night is filled with coiling, swirling cloud patterns illuminated by the brilliances of surrounding stars and a bright, crescent moon in the upper-right corner. The sky physically dominates the painting and landscape, making up nearly two thirds of the surface area. Clearly emphasizing some sort of importance to the night sky, van Gogh rendered it completely opposite of the village below. Instead of calm, repetitive brushstrokes and colors, the sky is a violent explosion of blacks and deep blues, vivid whites that gleam against the intense darkness of town and cypress tree. At the center of the painting is the nebulous that is most associated with Starry Night. The rotating marks of the paintbrush thickly push the sky unto itself in a cyclone of fury and aggravated passion. The mysterious clouds may also represent some other elements of van Gogh’s psyche, especially considering how the Church is represented in the painting compared to immense spectacles of darkened masses. The â€Å"extraterrestrial existence promised by the night sky, the darkened townscape at the lower edge of The Starry Night suggests the limits of earthly life and its relative marginality in the larger scope of existence. The prominent church alludes to traditional religious practice and faith . . . while at the left a cypress . . . introduces a note of death. † Because it is known that van Gogh planned â€Å"Starry Night† before hand, the explanation for its origin has become prominently interesting to art historians. Consequently, the interpretations of such a confusing, evocative and unexplainable swirl in the sky remains muddled. Through examining van Gogh’s letters, many scholars have come to the interpretation that the artist used the painting to explore some theological territory of his mind. In reviewing the mental instability attributed to the artist, claims that â€Å"In September, 1888, Van Gogh confessed to ‘having a terrible need of – shall I say the word – religion. Then I go out at night to paint the stars. ’ The exalted, consoling image of the Starry Night was the result of that process of sublimation. † However, I think that it would be a mistake to assume that van Gogh attempts to reconstruct some personal connection to Christianity, even with the prominent inclusion of the church steeple. Rather, he may have sought to unite the prevalent faith found in Christianity with that of his impressionist techniques. The mysticism that surrounds any sort of spiritualism, including Christianity, helps unite the two portions of the physical and metaphysical worlds of the painting together. The vague subject matter in the sky, along with the impasto paint application, and confusing perspectives looking downward at the city while also facing the sky, are all staples of Impressionist techniques. These three characteristics are antithetical to the types of linear perspective that had been the cornerstone of Western art since the Renaissances. Van Gogh and his fellow Impressionists were not interested in painting narratives or didactic scenes; these merely obstruct the painter from clearly communicating his emotions to the spectator. Thus, when van Gogh claims that he has a need for religion, which leads him to the skies; this could be interpreted as a turn towards the natural surrounding world rather than the religion of man, transcribed in bibles and built into monasteries. Since â€Å"Starry Night† was not an authentic rendition of the night sky at any particular moment, one cannot assume that there was a literal cluster of violently tumbling clouds revealed by the evening’s gleaming stars. Nevertheless, even the whirling star form of Starry Night may have its astronomical counterpart, for it closely resembles the then-current depiction of the Whirlpool Nebula, a distant spiral galaxy. † If this were so, then van Gogh did not happen to stumble upon the Nebula on the night of the painting, but purposefully imposed it over the town for this particular rendering. Reasons because of this fall in line with many of the arguments scholars have made behind the painting’s meaning. Through, the meaning has been malleably conformed to various arguments, the motive behind its prominence within the painting are not as important was the effects of what it, with the symbols of the cypress tree and the town below say in conjunction with each other. As a painting onto itself, Starry Night can inspire many interpretations, which it has done so for over a century. Since it has been acquired by the Museum of Modern Art in New York City, the painting has been a representation of the museum and of Impressionism, and to that extent, modern art. Yet, as the painting was completed in a time when avant-garde artists were breaking off from traditional forms of literal representations and deep seeded symbols and signs associated with Renaissance painting. Instead of painting in a language of icons, van Gogh and the Impressionists hope to paint in a language of emotion. This meant that the application of paint in Starry Night, and van Gogh’s other works, are delegates of the artist’s mental facilities at the instant of painting. In retracing each brushstroke with the eye, following every kick and bump of paint as if it was being painted anew, one becomes briefly united with the artist and the moment of creation.

Why has EU been able to successfully develop a common trade policy but Essay

Why has EU been able to successfully develop a common trade policy but not a common foreign policy - Essay Example The member countries have contradicted each other on several occasions not only with reference to the dealing with the foreign countries, but have reservations regarding the nature of role to be played by the EU. The strong members of the EU are of the opinion that EU should be reflected as European Power, but few member countries have come up with objections against such strategies, and have led to further divisions in approach and understanding of the member country (Roland, 2004). The chief of EU Solana has concluded that the involvement of the EU can not be merely judged by the presence of the EU in different countries and international organizations, but the influence of the EU authority is important element, and unfortunately the EU due to lack of co-ordination has failed to achieve that particular status and principal role. The chief has offered different solutions in this regard, which includes, The foreign ministers of the member countries have agreed with these principles, and it was discouraging to observe that EU has not conducted that suggested approach towards any of foreign government, therefore it has been realized that there is need for greater synergy between the EU and member-state activities, but the Union found it difficult to implement such approach and understanding. The Union has to work constructively in this regard, but unfortunately the member countries have reflected the similar status of ineffective co-ordination and hopelessly noncommittal which existed after the formation of European Political Cooperation (Winters, 2002). There is requirement for the introduction and implementation of radical reforms which can contribute towards the achievement of Common Foreign and Security Policy. The reasons attributed with the failure of the EU towards commonality of interests and understanding on foreign issues, is also explained by following reasons, The EU administrative officials, Brussels based, are national capitals

Smart Phones Make People Antisocial Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Smart Phones Make People Antisocial - Term Paper Example The sole purpose of smartphones was to facilitate the people connectivity globally with ease. On the contrary, it is disconnecting those very people from others barely a touching distance away. This overdependence on smartphones on the social and economic perspective have created a lazy population who are not ready to get out of the comfort of their smartphones to physically engage in various social activities. Most commercial activities which in the past involved people venturing outdoors can now be done on the handheld devices by just a few taps on the screen such as shopping and banking services now involves just a few taps on the screen. This has limited people interaction in places such as shopping malls and banking halls, which in the past used to be blocked by hordes of people. The urge to engage in extracurricular activities in schools has been watered down by emergence of sports games that really do well on smartphones. People prefer playing their favorite game on the smartphone then go out to play physical games with the peers. A good example is a high reference in the youth on playing games like FIFA. Those games are loaded with fantasy, which is rare to get in the real world. Smartphones have brought up scenarios where one find people grouped together, but instead of chatting they are busily engaged on their devices. The devices have resulted in peers unintentionally, indirectly isolating themselves from other people, and paying little attention to their environment. Sometimes its is used as away of putting off someone whom one has little to talk about or is disinterested in engaging in talks or does not have patience for. At times smart phones are used by some people who want to look busy from other people views as a way of ignoring social responsibil ities (May & Greg 201). Most people to excuse themselves from social gathering or meetings use fake calls apps. They are usually set up such that they will indicate a fake

Comic spirit- new comedy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Comic spirit- new comedy - Essay Example This influenced later comedy till the present day, â€Å"from Romans to Shakespeare to the West End and Broadway† (Perks 76). Roman playwrights Plautus and Terence employed ‘New Comedy’ in their work, as did Shakespeare in his Comedy of Errors. ‘New Comedy’ deals with a transfer of power from the older to the younger generation. In Terence’s The Self-Tormentor, Machiavelli’s La Mandragola, and Stephen Sondheim’s A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum, male sexuality and virility are central to the comic plot, and there is a focus on the power shift. Thesis Statement: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the shift in power from the older to the younger generation in ‘New Comedy’ portrayed in the Self-Tormentor, La Mandragola, and A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum. How these plays exploit male sexuality for comic purposes will be identified, and why male sexuality plays such a key role in the ‘New Comedy’ form will be examined. In Terence’s Heauton Timoroumenos (The Self-Tormentor) which was derived from Menander’s play of the same name, a wealthy youth Clinia develops a long-term, monogamous liaison with the young woman Antiphila, as evident from the following line, â€Å"almost now that he has her in the place of a wife† [prope iam ut pro uxorehaeret] (Rosivach 61). When Clinia’s father hears about the affair, he rebukes his son so strongly for his irresponsible actions, that the young man leaves Athens to become a mercenary serving a foreign king. His determination to make something of himself, echoes his father’s pursuit of success in his own youth (Rosivach 61). But, after compelling his son Clinia in love with Antiphila to go to the war area, the stern father Menedemus repents for his harshness, and torments himself mentally. Terence’s humour â€Å"arises from the

Level of Unemployment in UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Level of Unemployment in UK - Essay Example This change will lead to a change in standards for living while supporting different needs for individuals. The basic definition of unemployment is when an individual doesn’t have a job and is nonworking. This definition leads the individual into a specific status that defines them as unemployed because they don’t hold a regular job and have inactivity in terms of finding a job. However, there are different measurements that are used for the unemployed because of the level of activity that is defined as well as the conditions in which different individuals are under. When looking at the overall idea of unemployment, it is defined by including anyone who is not performing a series of activities in the labor field or through a job. However, there are different levels that are included in this, specifically which is measured by the frequency in which one is unemployed as well as the basic structure that they rely on to receive monetary needs over a period of time (Brandolini, et al, 153, 2006). The structure of unemployment through the basic definition is defined by measurements that determine the frequency in which an individual is out of a job. This is defined first by an unemployment cell, which is divided by the amount of time one is out of a job as well as the frequency in which this occurs. This is also measured through the region in which one is in, specifically because it provides a comparison in the economic levels and demands for employment. The first measurement is known as seasonal unemployment, in which demands change based on labor intensive markets for each time frame. Most levels of employment that are offered seasonally include outdoor jobs and labor intensive options. The second type of unemployment is frictional, also referred to as demand – deficient unemployment. When the economy begins to emerge, temporary employment becomes available. This

Hydraulic Fracturing (What is Fracking) Assignment

Hydraulic Fracturing (What is Fracking) - Assignment Example Firstly, is it really â€Å"a golden mine† for all? Payoff to the owners of lands where process starts â€Å"can be as little as $15 an acre or up to $6,000 an acre† (Vergano). That means only producing company wins. Secondly, whole district is changing because of fracking nearby. It becomes more industrial: technics, new buildings and factories appears. There’re can be as advantages (more new workplaces, business development, etc.) as disadvantages from such changes. Grass disappears; drill sound and heavy equipment appears, changing landscape extremely. And what can be good for one district’s infrastructure can be bad for another. Often farmers and landowners suffer because of fracking in the neighborhood. Producing oil and gas process not only frights animals and harms agribusiness, but also probably pollutes air and water, so influences badly on a farm production’s quality. But what’s most frightening, fracking’s damage to the environment isn’t still known for sure. There’s simply not enough information to tell what harm fracking brings into a general ecology situation and a local inhabitants’ health (Vergano). Naturally, a lot of people are worried about using a doubtful energy producing method. Recently, University of Taxes and Duke University studies reviled that most harm from fracking can be caused from spills and wells, drilled and constructed in the wrong way (Vergano). And besides air and water pollution, a big question is how this method influences on lithosphere. An idea of fracking is making cracks deeply in earth’s layers. How safe is that? To my mind, most reasonable is an opinion that for every different place and with every different company answer on question â€Å"to drill or not to drill† can be different. Such big oil and gas producing corporations like Halliburton or Shell usually

Child abuse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Child abuse - Essay Example Taking a moment to know and understand some of these causes will help us to find ways of preventing child abuse. Some children have been found that they were abused by parents who had unexpected pregnancies and therefore resulted to unwanted children who end up being neglected and develop a very poor relationship with their biological mother or both parents. The parents who also physically beat their spouses are known to extend the same frustrations on their children. People who take drugs like alcoholic drinks and cigarettes or cocaine also have a tendency in abusing children. Other factors are unemployment and financial difficulties which are associated with increased rates of child abuse (Check, 1989). In a 2009 CBS News report, it was realized that child abuse in the US had become greater during the economic depression. An example was given of a father who was not a sole breadwinner . But when the father was in that role, the situation changed. In this discussion, I will talk about two factors, these two factors are; Alcoholic parents and Parents experience of violence. The problem is drinker parents and parent’s history of abusing by their family members are the most important reasons that lead parents to abuse their children. It is very important to prevent violence toward children. How do we prevent this issue? We have to stop and limit this concern by knowing the exact problem in terms of the effects it has on the children and then by addressing the solution. According to the studies from World Bank and World Health organization, â€Å"alcohol-related death and its impact is bad. The dangerous effects of alcohol use on health and the likelihood of becoming an addict have been recognized as dangerous issues of great concern for a long time (www.searo.who.int). Parents who drink alcohol or any other substances that cause them to get drunk will often abuse their children if the level of their drinking is too much. Drinking

INDP, Part 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

INDP, Part 2 - Essay Example The design is TCP/IP protocol and Distributed network protocol. TCP/IP protocol is supported by many software applications and has universally accepted terms. In TCP, data is divided into manageable bits and the protocol ensures that secure and appropriate routines are in place to oversee data correctly arrives to its destination. Then IP enforces logical addressing and routing of data which brings in the reliability factor (Garduno & Diaz, 2011). TCP/IP supports ASCII standards that help in formatting information transmitted into a range of supported formats such as JPEG, text and MP3 standards among others. Distributed network protocol on the other hand supports communication in process automation systems and supports peer-to-peer and master-to-slave communications. Above all, this protocol is reliable in terms of security; it contains secure authentication features and does not require heavy infrastructure. Cost wise, both protocols are fairly affordable to implement due to fair i nfrastructural costs (Garduno & Diaz, 2011). Other features that make these protocols appropriate include both are open protocols, they support interoperability between different platforms and they can be optimized According to this design, the adopted network architecture defines secure, interpretable infrastructure that provides reliable and open-standard based communication for distribution of information. The architecture also defines technologies required to support communications between various client machines and servers on the network (Garduno & Diaz,2011). There are established network standards that coordinate secure implementation of network architecture as well as supporting traditional data such as voice and video. The architecture is based on open standards In explaining the usefulness of a traffic analysis, When some work has been done for ISPs net flow can be used to determine PPS (Packets per second) to detect instances of DOS (Denial of Service) attacks.

Technology development and the problems Research Paper

Technology development and the problems - Research Paper Example However, people have become more disconnected from reality, and interpersonal relations have deteriorated. The computer has made the social lives of human beings worse by creating a society where human dignity has not been preserved like in the past. The computer, which uses the computer software to operate, has had detrimental effects on the lives of human beings. Face-to- face communication enhances socialization, closes kinship ties and cultivates friendship thus mutual co-existence. Face to face mode of communication is also very reliable as one is able to seek clarification and further elaboration. The computer has eroded humanism with individuals becoming cold hearted and mean towards fellow human beings as they become more and more accustomed to the computer rather than fellow human beings. Face-to-face mode of communication is more reliable than the computers. In the past, before computers became the chief forms of communication, societies used to rely on credible verified sources like authorities. These authorities or institutions were widely acclaimed and had to be rigorously trained and verified, undertaking several tests. However, the computer has changed everything. Online materials are known to be posted by whoever has the capacity to do so. It is thus very difficult to ascertain or verify the credibility of the information. Some of the materials are written by anonymous writers and thus hard to contact the source for any clarification. Other works have been written by people who are geographically far away, yet their works are available almost allover the world, these authors or writes are nowhere to be seen or found, to explain their ideas. People in the past used to question the face-to-face form of communication as they viewed the source as mortal like themselves thus capable of making mistakes. This enabled works of individuals to be revised by several other people

Mintzberg - the Fall and Rise of Strategic Planning Essay Example for Free

Mintzberg the Fall and Rise of Strategic Planning Essay The Fall and Rise of Strategic Planning by Henry Mintzberg When strategic planning arrived on the scene in the mid- ­? 1960s, corporate leaders embraced it as â€Å"the one best way† to devise and implement strategies that would enhance the competitiveness of each business unit. True to the scientific management pioneered by Frederick Taylor, this one best way involved separating thinking from doing and creating a new function staffed by specialists: strategic planners. Planning systems were expected to produce the best strategies as well as step- ­? by- ­? step instructions for arrying out those strategies so that the doers, the managers of businesses, could not get them wrong. As we now know, planning has not exactly worked out that way. While certainly not dead, strategic planning has long since fallen from its pedestal. But even now, few people fully understand the reason: strategic planning is not strategic thinking. Indeed, strategic planning often spoils strategic thinking, causing managers to confuse real vision with the manipulation of numbers. And this confusion lies at the heart of the issue: the most successful strategies are visions, not plans. Strategic planning, as it has een practiced, has really been strategic programming, the articulation and elaboration of strategies, or visions, that already exist. When companies understand the difference between planning and strategic thinking, they can get back to what the strategy- ­? making process should be: capturing what the manager learns from all sources (both the soft insights from his or her personal experiences and the experiences of others throughout the organization and the hard data from market research and the like) and then synthesizing that learning into a vision of the direction that the business should pursue. Organizations isenchanted with strategic planning should not get rid of their planners or conclude that there is no need for programming. Rather, organizations should transform the conventional planning job. Planners should make their contribution around the strategy- ­? making process rather than inside it. They should supply the formal analyses or hard data that strategic thinking requires, as long as they do it to broaden the consideration of issues rather than to discover the one right answer. They should act as catalysts who support strategy making by aiding and encouraging managers to think strategically. And, finally, they an be programmers of a strategy, helping to specify the series of concrete steps needed to carry out the vision. By redefining the planner’s job, companies will acknowledge the difference between planning and strategic thinking. Planning has always been about analysis—about breaking down a goal or set of intentions into steps, formalizing tho se steps so that they can be implemented almost automatically, and articulating the anticipated consequences or results of each step. â€Å"I favour a set of analytical techniques for developing strategy,† Michael 1 Porter, probably the most widely read writer on strategy, wrote in he Economist. The label â€Å"strategic planning† has been applied to all kinds of activities, such as going off to an informal retreat in the mountains to talk about strategy. But call that activity â€Å"planning,† let conventional planners organize it, and watch how quickly the event becomes formalized (mission statements in the morning, assessment of corporate strengths and weaknesses in the afternoon, strategies carefully articulated by 5 p. m. ). Strategic thinking, in contrast, is about synthesis.

The Positive Impact Of Tourism In Dubai Tourism Essay

The Positive Impact Of Tourism In Dubai Tourism Essay There are more than 200 national economies involved in the competition of destination market and as of 2006 worlds governments have exceeded its expenditures US$1,480 billion to make their states as destination brand (Balakrishnan, 2008). This literature review aims to identify and examine the positive impact of the tourism in Dubai with especial perspective of hospitality industry. Historically Dubai is significant tourism destinations for world class comfort to tourists (Steiner, 2010) and tourism in Dubai has further impacted the hospitality industry in Dubai. It is reported that tourism is an integral part for economic growth of Dubai (Lee Jain, 2009) as this industry accounts for 1.2 per cent of total GDP and the combined impact is expected to total 11.6 per cent in 2005 (Ryan Stewart, 2009) and the development made in Dubai is helping the government to attract more tourist to travel to Dubai (Henderson, 2006). This study has aim to identify tourism as growing industry in Duba i while also discussing the increasing importance of the sector and its positive impact on the hospitality industry caused by increasing promotion of tourism. The Importance of Growing Tourism Industry in Dubai Tourism as an Industry Tourism is comprised of individuals activities to travel and stay outside their usual permanent places for one consecutives year (Steiner, 2010). In the broader term the industry of tourism means all socio-economic activities that are directly or indirectly involves the provision of services to tourists (Henderson, 2006). According to the World Tourism Organizations Standard Classification of Tourism Activities, different other sectors are also associated with the development of tourism industry including lodges, transportation means, food and beverage, culture and entertainment and finance (Ryan Stewart, 2009). Tourism Industry in Dubai The latest report of World Travel and Tourism Council has highlighted Dubai as the most world-class destination for tourism and also reveals that the industry of tourism in Dubai has grown to 14 per cent annually (Stephenson Knight, 2010). Over 100 tourism and leisure projects are underway and now the tourism sector accounts for almost a quarter of the Emirates annual GDP. To examine this figure there is need to evaluate the tourism industry in Dubai. Dubai is the capital city of the UAE and one of the fastest developing cities (Walker, 2009). With number of remarkable and outstanding tourists spots, Dubai has been the most popular destination for tourists. In addition, Dubai is also considered as hub of all tourism activities in Gulf while economy of Dubai majorly depends on tourism (Henderson, 2006). Since large number of tourists and travelers from different part of the world through Dubai for leisure purposes, this tendency of tourists has naturally led to increase the demand fo r the services of hospitality industry and providing different job opportunities in Dubai (Richard, 2008). However, the industry of tourism and hospitality is already well developed as a result of large number of travelers visiting the city the government is strategizing to more develop these industries (OConnor, 2010). Moreover, the strategic implementation made by the government for the development of tourism has remarkably impacted the hospitality industry and this impact has been observed as positive (Weiermair Mathies, 2004). Development in the Tourism Industry in Dubai The industry of tourism is an important part of Dubais economic growth as result of increase flow of foreign cash into the country (Boniface Cooper, 2009). Dubai possesses a significant position in the world tourism and to maintain this position the government of Dubai has strategized to more develop and boost other agencies and industries related to tourism such as hospitality, banking and finance system and transportation (Marcus, 2010). The government realized that in order to reshape the industry the government has to signify the wholesome approach for development of Dubai (Henderson, 2006). To Walker (2009), the development of Dubai as tourist destination and business center has attracted the hospitality operators. Moreover, Dubai also allures the tourists for its shopping malls, architectural buildings and Islamic architecture, the government also focuses on the above sectors of the city so that it could maintain the sustainable interest and attention of the tourists for trave lling. In the development of hospitality industry the hotels and resorts are developed as major part that helps to promote the tourism in Dubai (Eisen, 2008). The plan of Burj Dubai in Dubai has globalized its hospitality services by expanding its lodging brand globally to key destinations in the Middle East (Dunbar, 2009). Impacts of Tourism in Hospitability Sector of Dubai Social and Cultural impacts It may be possible that tourism influences the social and cultural aspects of life in specific area depending on the strengths of cultural and religion. The relationship between the hospitality sector and the tourists can be considered as the main factor affecting a community as tourists may not be sensitive to domestic customers, traditions and standards. The positive impacts on the area include the benefits which include: Domestic community can mingle with individuals from the different backgrounds with distinct lifestyles which might lead through the demonstration effect towards the development of enhanced lifestyles and implementations. Wide range of cultural and social events available for domestic people which include exhibitions, entertainment etc. Enhanced facilities for sports and leisure developed for the tourists which might be in use by domestic people Encouraging the youth exchange programs, voluntary work overseas, etc. Under the light of above key points, it can be said that Dubai is one of the best tourist destination (Stephenson, 2010) where the establishment of tourism has positive effects on social and cultural life of the region (Balakrishnan, 2008). Economic Impacts The main source to the success of Dubai is the ability and prediction of good opportunities, along with the avoided saturation of tourism industry by creating more beaches, tourist activities etc. The tourism in hospitality sector within Dubai is increasing at a faster pace without showing any sign of decline. The hospitality industry is helping in satisfying the demand of tourism in order to compete across the world effectively. The bulk of tourists are accounted for approximately twenty percent of hotel guests and during 2007, hospitality industry of Dubai received 92,328 tourists from China which was approximately a thirty five percent increase per year. The economic effect on the hospitality sector in tourism of Dubai includes the increased employment level (Sharpley, 2008) with the increasing development of hotels, increased revenue in terms of tourists arrivals in Dubai. Environmental Impact In most general terms, the environment has the significant and prominent effect on the tourism in hospitality industry within Dubai. There have been major hotel developments in Dubai which widely include the Palm, Dubai Tower, Burj al Arab hotel etc. Moreover, Dubai has evolved into the major shopping destination along with the Arab traditional culture which is intended to be expanded (Sharpley, 2008). The tourism within hospitality sector means to provide a comforting and soothing environment to the tourists while staying in hotels of Dubai. The planning structure of Dubai has been working on this perspective and brought various improvements in hospitality industry which attracts tourists on wide scale every year (Lee Jain, 2009). The positive impacts on environment in Dubai within hospitality industry may include increased income for preservation of various facilities, encouraging the conservation of features etc. Moreover Dubai land is considered to be the largest theme park acro ss the globe which is twice the size of Disney land existed in Florida. Conclusion This literature review examined the tourism industry in Dubai and found that with increasing rate of tourists the government of Dubai has taken initiations to more develop the sectors and industry associated with the tourism industry (OConnor, 2010). Moreover, in the review it is found that hospitality industry is the most impacted sector and this impact has been observed as positive. Dubai offers tourists a fascinating adventure along with five-star leisure facilities, attractive beaches, Arabian hospitality and cultural blend of old and new cultures (Dubai, UNITED ARAB EMIRATES. 2005). However, there are other sectors that provide growth to tourism but hospitality has become backbone of the tourism as mostly tourists are attracted traveling to Dubai due to its well developed and appealing hospitality. It is found that tourism has greatly affected social, cultural, economic and environment aspects of hospitality. However, the changes caused by constant development in the tourism has given new opportunity to different fields of life, development of hotels, shopping malls and others have expanded the Arab traditional culture. As a result of such development social and cultural life of Dubai is also impacted and due to increasing tourism domestic community gets an opportunity to mingle with people from different backgrounds. Since wide range of cultural and social events is arranged in Dubai it leaves a positive impact on the local people of Dubai. Moreover, increasing growth of tourism has also impacted the enhanced facilities for sports and leisure spots developed fo r tourists.

Propaganda Theories and Models: The MH370 Incident

Propaganda Theories and Models: The MH370 Incident PROPAGANDA THEORY ON THE MH370 INCIDENT Contents (Jump to) INTRODUCTION PROPAGANDA THEORY RELATING TO MH370 INCIDENT COUNTER PROPAGANDA BY THE GOVERNMENT REFERENCES INTRODUCTION Mystery continues to surround the fate of Malaysia Airlines flight MH370, which disappeared en route from Kuala Lumpur to Beijing on 8 March. Malaysian authorities, assisted by international aviation and satellite experts, are now battling to piece together the planes final hours in the hope that they can find its wreckage and explain what happened to its 239 passengers and crew. Some preliminary details were released on 1 May in a short report. Accordingly, many propaganda arises on this issue. Some of propaganda emanating from the local media and not to forget from abroad. If we look from the point of propaganda theory itself, there is some good propaganda that led to the issue of loss MH370, but there also resulting in a negative impact on public perception towards the way the government is dealing with the issue. To deal with the propaganda that apply to this incident, we will analyze whether the form of propaganda, the propaganda perspective itself and how the government to overcome this problem. Merriam Webster Dictionary gives the definition of propaganda as ideas or statements that are often false or exaggerated and that are spread in order to help a cause, a political leader, a government, etc. the spreading of ideas, information, or rumor for the purpose of helping or injuring an institution, a cause, or a person, ideas, facts, or allegations spread deliberately to further ones cause or to damage an opposing cause; also : a public action having such an effect First introduced by Edward S. Herman and Noam Chomsky (1988), Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media, the propaganda model argues that the material news through five filters, which in turn form the audience received the news. This filter determines what is considered newsworthy events, how they are covered, where they were placed in the media and how much coverage they receive. Propaganda model of media control that was introduced by Edward. S. Herman and Noam Chomsky (1988) states how propaganda works in the media. This model tries to understand how populations are manipulated, and how social, economic, political attitudes are formed in the minds of the people through propaganda. Herman and Chomsky are mostly concentrated in the American population and the media for their research, but the theory applies universally. Propaganda model seeks to explain the behavior of the media by examining the institutional pressures that limit and influence the news content in a profit-driven system. In contrast to liberal theories that argue that journalism is defined hostility power, the propaganda model predicts that the company-owned news media will consistently produce news content that serves the interests of established power (Herman Chomsky, 1988). PROPAGANDA THEORY RELATING TO MH370 INCIDENT Among the propaganda that exists from within Malaysia itself mostly spread through social media on the internet, given the sophistication of the current information age, there are blogs and websites questioned the credibility of the government and even spread propaganda relating to this issue of MH370. Among the widely disseminated propaganda on the website saying that Malaysia experienced a bad media Especially from the Western press and especially CNN and Extension of this, of good journalistic practice for hazardous and agenda driven, further lead to more conspiracy theories especially the involvement of CNN.The Mole reproduces an article written by Matthias Chang, the profession as a lawyer, social activist, author and political analyst. He reveals how the MH370 is a multi-dimensional, and why the Zionist hands should not be overlooked. Although somewhat lengthy, is worth reading every word printed: Before proceeding with Expose of Zionist propaganda Insidious Dastardly and Israel on the Cessation of MH 370, let me take this opportunity to convey my personal condolences and that of my family to a family who loves Ones have been killed in this tragedy and we hope ur strength to overcome the disadvantage pint them.† He would also commend the Malaysian governments efforts in the SAR Mission involved 26 countries that had never happened before. Allegations of unfair and unfounded against the Malaysian government made by many people in social media who do not have a clue and or expertise to comment on the operation of the Standard and Poors scale. Another propaganda that there is involvement from the United States, which was propagated that where Maldives island Residents reported sighting of low flying jet on the morning of the planes Disappearance thats was finally Reported on twelve days after the fact. The pilot of the missing plane had a home flight simulator, Which was been Reported twelve days later to contain the landing simulation program of the Diego Garcia runway along with four other Approaches in the region. Whether any, all, or none of this information is true is still a matter of Conjecture. What Remains thats a fact is not a trace of the Malaysian 777-200ER has been found. At his daily news briefing on 3-18-14, WH spokesperson Jay Carney has denied any Involvement of the Diego Garcia facility with the Disappearance of flight MH370. In addition to conspiracy theories involving the United States, one side is highly spoken of as real mastermind behind the MH370 is a tribe of lost Jewish or Israeli. It is the act of buying and Israel has a Boeing 777 2H6 (ER) long owned Malaysian Airline (MAS). Aircraft twin MH370 has been recorded at a small airport in Tarbes-Lourdes-Pyrà ©nà ©es, France on October 4, 2013 before he was taken to Ben Gurion Airport, Tel Aviv, Israel on 4 November 2013. Understandable, MAS Boeing 777 aircraft with serial number 28 416 and registered as 9M-MRI has been sold to GA Telesis, LLC in Fort Lauderdale, Florida on October 21, 2013 before the N105GT.Pesawat registered as recorded in Tarbes Lourdes Pyrenees on October 4, 2014 before taken to Tel Aviv a month later. The question is, why would Israel want to buy and have a long plane MAS this? If referred back Israeli reactions associated loss MH370, a security expert of the country, Isaac Yeffet relate it to the theory that MH370 have been captured by the terrorists and taken to Iran to be used for a series of terror will come. Yeffet reportedly gave a statement to the Times of Israel: What happened to this aircraft, nobody knows. My guess is based upon the stolen passports, and I believe Iran was INVOLVED. They hijacked the aircraft and they landed it in a place that nobody can see or find it. (There is no case what has happened to the aircraft. Based on reported cases of stolen passports, I believe Iran is involved in this case. They had seized the plane and fly it into a place that cannot be found). Another propaganda that arises during the incident came from the opposition parties, where they claim that the incident crated by the government was to create a diversion to the voter, as coincidently at that time Kajang by-election was taking place. The propaganda was that by showing the great effort towards the search and rescue operations, the government will the heart of the voters. Actually, there was so many propaganda arises during the incident even until now, people are still fed with various elements of propaganda for the positive and negative as well. If we examine this theory from the angle of propaganda, the government should also take the opportunity by using this incident as their leverage in building up the government credibility. COUNTER PROPAGANDA BY THE GOVERNMENT According to brownpoliticalreview.org in its reports, the recent disappearance of Malaysian Airlines Flight MH370 and the resulting media spotlight has revealed Malaysia’s fundamental shortcomings and glaring political issues. While the plane’s disappearance itself is horrendous – in particular for the many families left in limbo – the Malaysian government’s handling of the situation has drawn considerable international disapproval which leads to the dissemination of the propaganda. In order to deal with the issue of propaganda in connection with the issue of MH370, the government shall be wise to use methods and tactics namely through counter propaganda. Counterpropaganda is a structure of communication consisting of method in use and messages relayed to resist propaganda which seeks to manipulate action or perspectives among a targeted audience. It is closely linked to propaganda as the two often utilize the same methods to transmit methods to a targeted audience. Counterpropaganda differs from propaganda as it is defensive and responsive to identified propaganda. in addition, counterpropaganda consists of several elements that further differentiate it from propaganda and ensure its efficiency in opposing propaganda messages. While propaganda messages may not always be straightforward, efficient counterpropaganda commonly only broadcast the truth. Without a doubt, counterpropaganda is generally understood to be the truthful, honest opposition to an adversarys propaganda. Counterpropaganda communicates honest messages for ethical and realistic reasons. Looking though reporting of the event, the government from the beginning should report the facts related to this incident. Counter propaganda elements should be applied to achieve the best effect. Reporting matters of fact, although filtered, to some extent can relieve speculations made by the public, especially from the families involved. This can create a deficiency or weakness in reporting which leads to the dissemination of wild propaganda, even more so from the opposition. References: Chomsky, Noam and Herman, Edward. (1988) Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media. New York: Pantheon Books. Cole, Robert. (1996)Propaganda in Twentieth Century War and Politics Lasswell, Harold D.. (1971)Propaganda Technique in World War I. Cambridge, Mass: The M.I.T. Press. Garth Jowett and Victoria ODonnell, Propaganda and Persuassion, 4th ed. Sage Publications, 7 Herbert Romerstein, Counterpropaganda: We Cant Do Without It,] in Waller, ed., Strategic Influence: Public Diplomacy, Counterpropaganda and Political Warfare (IWP Press, 2008), 135. [Frontpost, Nachrichten fà ¼r Deutsche Soldaten, Herausgeber: Die Amerikanischen Truppen in Westeuropa,] No. 1(March 1945), 3 in Waller, ed., Strategic Influence: Public Diplomacy, Counterpropaganda and Political Warfare (IWP Press, 2008), 144-145.

Essay --

Martin Luther a German theologian and religious reformer was the founding figure of the protestant reformation, the break from the Catholic Church, which in many ways marks the beginning of modern Europe. A well-expressed preacher and huge writer, Luther attacked many abuses of the Catholic Church, especially the papacy. The source of his spiritual revelation was not political or institutional but came from his inner fight of conscience. Like other people of his day, Luther was horrified that god would in the end reject him for his sins. He found a word in the bible called â€Å"Law† which increased his terror, but he also discovered a word god called â€Å"Gospel,† the good news and promise of mercy in Christ, which shed all of his worries. By his words and actions, Luther caused an action that reformulated certain rudimentary Christian belief and the division of Western Church between Roman Catholics and the Protestant traditions. He is one of the most influential per son in the history of Christianity. Luther started his education at a Latin school in Mansfield. There he received training in the Latin language and learned about the Ten Commandments, the Lord’s Prayer and morning and evening prayers. In 1497 Luther was sent to a school in Magdeburg run by the Brethren of the Common Life, a lay monastic group whose focus on personal piety had a lasting influence on him. In 1501 he enrolled at the University of Erfurt, the best University of the time in Germany. Luther took course in the liberal arts and received the baccalaureate degree in 1502. He obtained his master’s degree three years later. Since Luther graduated from the arts faculty he could chose to pursue graduate work in one of the three disciplines law, medicine, or theology. Due... ... without the need for good works and definitely not by paying money to the Catholic Church. In Luther’s view one only needs to believe in Christ and his works to be justified. Christ is just and his works are perfect and Christ is the object of our faith. As long as Christ is present in our lives and we put our faith in him and simple believe the promises that come with the gospel, God imputes righteousness to sinners, righteousness that we sinners do not deserve (Peters 2005). Tradition says the reformation began in October 31 1517 when Luther nailed 95 theses to the church door in contrasts to the practices of selling indulgence. Annoyed by Johann Tetzel a Dominican friar who preached indulgence. Tetzel was chosen to be inquisitor for Poland (1509) and afterward for Saxony. His skills as a preacher of indulgences gain the attention of Albert, archbishop of Mainz

Attitude Towards Love in Valentine and The Flea Essay -- Poetry Poems

Through Close Analysis of Language, Structure and Theme, Compare and Contrast the Poet's Attitude Towards Love in Valentine and The Flea. The two poems "Valentine" and "The Flea" are about the two different ways in which the poets portray their views about love, however the poems are still linked in a few ways. "The Flea was published in the seventeenth century and was written by 'John Donne'. "Valentine" was published in 1983 and was written by 'Carol Ann Duffy'. Both poems are addressed to an unknown lover. The poem "Valentine" is written in free-verse form. Carol Ann Duffy could have used this irregular pattern because of the irregular present that she is giving to her lover. "Not a red rose or satin heart. I give you an onion." When you first read the poem you think that an onion is an absurd present to give to a lover but after analysis, you realise that she is trying to portray a message to us: It is not what is on the outside that counts. Duffy uses quite a lot of imagery in her poem to explain her message to the reader. "It is a moon wrapped in brown paper." This could be referring to the moon as a pure object that you first have to unwrap and explore before you can find the real meaning of it. It is also linking back to her point that it may look a bit unromantic from the outside but it is really what is inside that counts. She could be saying this because of her lover's attitude towards women. Maybe the lover only thinks about what the people look like, not what they really are is like inside. Duffy then comments on the emotional feelings that love could bring into a relationship. "It will blind you with tears like a lover." When you cut an onion it makes you cry, and usually... ...lood from his lover and that is what all fleas do. Donne then again emphasises the idea that now because of the flea's death some life has been taken from his lover. "Will waste, as this flea's death took life from thee." This puts forward the idea of some life being taken from his lover because part of her was contained inside the flea. At first the two poems appear very different but after close inspection links can be established between the two poems. I think Carol Ann Duffy's poem is the more serious of the two as she is using an unusual item to portray her feelings for her lover. John Donne is just worried about getting his lover into to bed using the idea of the flea instead of wanting to portray his feelings towards his lover. He is too overconfident with himself that he will get the girl into bed with him when in the end he doesn't succeed.

Girl, Interrupted Essay -- essays research papers

Girl, Interrupted Part I: Critical Analysis Author: Susanna Kaysen. Girl, Interrupted: New York Division of Random House. Inc 1993. 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What is the author’s topic? The author’s topic is about a teenager name Susanna Kaysen. At 18 she voluntarily turned herself into McLean Hospital. 2.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Identify the author’s main idea(s). In other words, what is the main point the author is attempting to make about the book?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The author’s has 2 main points; one point is about her two-year stay McLean hospital. The second main point talks about how she handles and gets treated for being depressive and suicidal. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Identify the author’s overall pattern(s) of organization. Give examples and/or details to explain your answer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The pattern the author uses is time order; she starts off the book with her case record, which was submitted in 1967. The last example given is her recovery record; she left and had a recovery of her depression and being suicidal in 1969. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What biases, if any, can you detect from the author’s writing? Give examples and details to support your answer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The author isn’t biased about anything, she wasn’t for anything and she wasn’t against anything. Susanna Kaysen was simply trying to find her place in the world through the world of medicine. 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Is this book mostly concerned with factual information, or does the author use conjecture and opinion to make his/her point? What detail and examples support your answer?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Girl, Interrupted is all factual information. Susanna Kaysen the author has put her reports from the doctors that were helping her in the book. On August 9,1967 the author Susanna Kaysen 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Identify the author’s purpose(s) for writing this book. In your opinion, does the author accomplish his/ her purpose? Support your answer with concrete evidence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The author’s purpose to the story is to make people notice how people are being treated in a mental institution. Susanna Kaysen writes about the girls in the ward as if nothing is wrong with them. She writes about being in a pschychiatri... ...ok. The girls in the book make up swear words about the weirdest things or how they act if they don’t get something they want. In a way I can relate to that because my mom is just a little bit like some of the girls in the story. If she doesn’t get what she wants she gets mad at the world and it is unnecessary, and that’s for everything. I think that’s just too spoiled. The girl I can most relate to in the story is Polly, because I can see myself listening to everyone and not complaining about anything really in life. But she was also a burn victim that didn’t complain about her face. I’m almost like her, I never once think I’m cute or beautiful, and I don’t complain about anything about my body. I know I have to live with what I have, so what’s the point in complaining about it. One more way I can relate to the story is my cousin is like my cousin she tried to the whole I swallowed this many pill thing. I never got why she did it. She never told me why, on the other hand she had some problems in the past with some things. So maybe that might have been the problem. But she never passed out like Susanna did in the beginning of the book. I’m just glad my cousin didn’t die.

Implementation Plan Research Essay

Founded in 1899, Harrison Keyes has been a leader in publishing business, scientific and technical information. Due to recent changes in the industry, and an attempt to revamp its former successes, the company is in the process of redefining itself in the market. One major change is transforming the sales market from a printed version of books to an e-book platform. (University of Phoenix, 2007) Primary focus is on developing a full service site. This paper will identify companies that have faced specific issues related to those identified in the Harrison Keyes scenario (University of Phoenix, 2007) and related to the concepts of enter concepts. For each company the paper will: discuss the following the issue identified in the scenario that is also facing the company, how the company responded to the issue, and outcomes of the company’s response to the issue. Additionally, the paper will provide an analysis that synthesizes the key findings. The analysis will identify the key course concepts and compare and contrast the practices of each company related to those concepts Research Summaries NASA NASA, being a government agency that utilizes the expertise of private firms  for many of its projects, has developed a very articulate request for proposal (RFP). Requirements and features must be in enough detail that contractors have a clear description of the final deliverable that will meet the customer’s needs. In most cases the RFP also specifies an expected format for the contractor’s bid proposal so the responses of different contractors can be fairly evaluated. (Gray & Larson, 2005, p 52) This is to avoid ambiguity and provide an even ground to start from. When comparing the utilization of a RFP with NASA and Friar Tuck (FT), one may note that if FT had implemented a RFP, many of the issues the organization is facing could have been alleviated. With FT, a RFP delivered to all vendors involved would have provided the starting blocks of the project. Each company would have an opportunity to bid on a project that best suites their needs and expertise. This way, when the selected project is under way, the involved parties have an active, vested interest in the success and outcome of the project. HKIA Hong Kong International Airport was built with the expectation that there would be a large volume of travelers and goods going in and out on a daily basis. As demands increased, the airport authorities had the competence to create a work breakdown structure (WBS). The early stages of developing the outline serve to ensure that all tasks are identified and that participants of the project have an understanding of what is to be done. Once the outline and its detail are defined, an integrated information system can be developed to schedule work and allocate budgets. This baseline information is later used for control. (Gray & Larson, 2005, p.99) If Friar Tuck had implemented a WBS, there would have been a clearer understanding of the deliverables, the costs associated with each deliverable, when each deliverable was due and who was responsible for ensuring that his or her assigned work was completed within the allotted timeframe. Because budget and tasks appeared to be important, FT found itself with the goal but lacking details of how to execute. Because HKIA  realized that their greatest assets are the passengers and cargo, the organization took great lengths to ensure that the daily business transactions were not disrupted and that the airport was able to meet the demands placed upon it by its customers, which include passengers and cargo. Project planning at Harrison-Keyes has progressed to develop a WBS which is being worked within their existing functional organizational structure. A status check on Harrison-Keyes’s tact to project management demonstrates difficulties with task completion and employee behaviors. Organizations that choose to manage projects within their current functional structure face uphill battles between the functional silos. Project management within existing functional organizational structures has known advantages and disadvantages. Advantages are no changes, flexibility, in-depth expertise and easy post-project transition. Disadvantages to managing projects in this manner are lack of focus, poor integration, slow, and lack of ownership (Gray & Larson, 2006, p. 58). Harrison-Keyes has alternatives to consider provided the pros and cons of managing projects within their existing functional structure and the United States Department of Defense provides a benchmark for consideration. Conflict with the authors at H-K has to be addressed for a successful transition to an e-publishing company. As a benchmark examination for H-K, the DOD is commonly faced with large and complex project implementations which are riddled with differences of opinion between the functional branches of the service, the Army, Navy, and Air Force. Three types of conflict were identified by the DOD case along with effective measures to counteract the friction. The DOD recognized three types of conflicts which hindered project implementation in a functional organization, which are 1) interpersonal-based conflict, 2) task-based conflict and 3) process-based conflict (Sutterfield, et al, 2006). In response to identifying three broad-based conflict classifications the DOD case study created effective strategies to address them while managing projects. Interpersonal-based conflicts within projects at the DOD are addressed with a strategy to compromise and build collaborative relationship to create win-win discussions between functional areas (Sutterfield, et al, 2006). Task-based conflict resolution relies on an effective project manager navigating aspects of stakeholder’s position, power or influence. As a project manager evaluates these factors a determination can be made to deploy a competing, collaborating, or compromise strategy to effectively manage the project (Sutterfield, et al, 2006). Process-based conflict resolution is more clear-cut due to the sequential requirements of projects. A heavier-handed approach towards stakeholders is required as less flexibility can be allowed in order to move the project forward. If flexibility is allowable within the project step a more collaborative approach can be considered (Sutterfield, et al, 2006). A second case study of Honeywell, Inc. provides H-K the possibility of determining is a process breakdown structure (PBS) is better suited than the currently developed work breakdown structure (WBS). First let us look at 10 lessons learned by Honeywell in the use of PBS and contrast the potential into Harrison-Keyes’s situation. It is important to note that both Honeywell and H-K are faced with a dramatic shift in their business strategy. Honeywell’s experience yielded 10 lessons when attempting to make radical change in an organization. The 10 lessons learned were (Paper, et al, 2001): People are the key enablers of change Question everything People need a systemic methodology to map processes Create team ownership and a culture of dissatisfaction Management attitude and behavior can squash projects Bottom-up or empowered implementation Redesign must be business-driven and continuous IT is a necessary, but not sufficient, enabler Set stretch goals Execution is the real difference between success and failure Similar to Harrison-Keyes’s competitive requirements to change from print publishing to e-publishing, Honeywell faced competitive pressures to reduce defects by 1000% and production cycle-time by 500%. Honeywell dramatically changed its method at project implementation within the organization to accomplish successful results. Honeywell eliminated project management by tasks and details (WBS) in favor of managing them by process-orientation (PBS). Honeywell learned two key lessons in project implementation of radical change. The first lesson learned through Honeywell’s project execution through PBS was execution separates high performers from less successful PBS projects. The second lesson learned by Honeywell involved the identification of the difficulty of change not being sufficient enough. A critical step was to change the vision of the organization to reflect the radical change (Paper, et al, 2001). In addition to these two lessons, Honeywell experiences the behavioral aspect of project management as H-K. Honeywell found that successful execution is dependent upon behavioral change. Behavioral change was found to be extremely difficult and required time to be successful. The need for time is often in conflict with the need for quick profits (Paper, et al, 2001). Middle management was found to be the most resistant to change because of their dedicated knowledge skill-set versus process skill-set. Strong training programs coupled with pay for performance plans to provide financial incentives helped Honeywell overcome this hurdle. PayPal and YouTube are two of the biggest success stories since the dotcom bubble burst sometime after the year 2000. For all of the companies’ success there has been a well publicized and scrutinized series of shortcomings and fallbacks that could have been avoided. Risk management practices would have prepared these companies for growth and expansion while building their brand and could have possibly eliminated the issues they face today. PayPal burst onto the ecommerce scene in 1999. The public was just beginning to embrace the idea of shopping for everyday goods and services online but were weary about giving personal information to strangers or having to repeatedly enter credit card information online. PayPal was able to offer consumers a simple web interface and piece of mind by storing that sensitive data and allowing buyers and sellers to seamlessly complete online transactions. The thought that the website would explode and be the defacto payment solution on the Internet did not cross the designers mind and the risk was not properly assessed. PayPal has lost many customers and has had to fight many lawsuits due to poor planning. Even now PayPal is struggling to catch up while meeting the demand for their service. This same lack of a contingency plan could doom H-K as they search for a firm to perform the digital formatting. YouTube has become one of the most visited websites on the Internet in just a few short years. While the designer can be proud for creating a forum for all things video, he too can be blamed for not creating a risk management plan. Allowing users to upload their own videos has opened the door to copy righted material being available on the website. The networks and studios are slow to embrace the sight as a way to increase brand awareness and have instead blamed YouTube for declining revenues and ratings. Entire movies have been made available on the website the same day they were released in theaters providing some credence to the argument against the site. Had YouTube made alliances with the studios and networks prior to allowing users to upload videos they could have avoided the problem altogether. This is another case of a business that did not properly mitigate and assess the risk and now face the threat of lawsuits. General Electric and Siemens have successfully dealt with the issues of a corporate culture that negatively affected their ongoing project structure as well as a culture that fostered individuality among the various departments. HK faces similar problems in that its culture is one of individualism and lack of accountability that has led to a lack of consensus among its leadership as to project management structures, organizational culture, and creating and communicating that culture throughout the organization. GE has created a corporate culture that is not individualized by department like HKs, but instead involves all members of the GE community, its management, its employees, and its customers. GE has also created a corporate culture that dismisses politics as a means to an end. Through the changes to culture and GE’s team approach they were able to organize projects as dedicated teams within functional organizations. Culture has a considerable affect on the success rate at HK as well. Their organization’s culture has affected their projects. HK has hired a new CEO, Meg McGill, to move them into the strategic direction of â€Å"all things digital.† However, nowhere in her emails and correspondence among HK’s leadership did she address the change in culture in order to affect her strategic business objectives. Meg needs to implement a change in corporate culture like that of the CEO of Siemens Klaus Klenfeld, who changed the corporate culture to one where â€Å"Everyone, including the boss, is accountable. We commit to something, and we deliver† (Ewing, Jack, 2007). In order to affect this, Klenfeld has had to deploy hard tactics. By implementing a changed culture that emphasizes accountability, project management structures will become more thorough and thought out. Organizational culture and structure influence project management more than HK realizes. Addressing the culture of HK to one of accountability will go a long way in formalizing project management structures such as organizing those projects through dedicated teams; organize projects within the functional organizations of HK; organizing projects within a matrix; or organizing projects within their network organizations. GE organized their projects through dedicated teams, Siemens’ organized by  deploying hard tactics within their functional organizations, and both implemented these project structures by changing their corporate culture. HK must take similar steps in order to realize their business objectives. When University of Phoenix decided to implement e-books into the on-line learning system, the management knew that they needed a corporate strategy and high quality project management. The lack of the above mentioned items meant costly lawsuits because a great deal of authors opposed the idea of e-books due to possible fraud and copyright violations. The company was not able to avoid lawsuits, but it was able to protect itself from future legal issue and establish ground for strong digital contend on the learning websites. It was made possible by clearly defined corporate strategy and project management: In the lawsuit, filed in U.S. District Court in Atlanta, Patrick G. McKeown, alleges that the Thomson Corporation and two of its subsidiaries sold a customized electronic version of his book Information Technology and the Networked Economy, to the _UNIVERSITY_ of _PHOENIX_ , which in turn has sold more than 23,000 copies to its students. (Mr. McKeown says an updated royalty statement he recently received shows that the actual number of copies sold by _PHOENIX_ is now about 45,000.) Thomson did not return telephone calls seeking comment. In a written statement, _PHOENIX_ said that it it honors intellectual-property rights of others, adding, â€Å"the _UNIVERSITY_ licensed its rights to use the textbook from a reputable, well-known publisher, that represented it had the appropriate rights to the book. (Chronicle of Higher Education, 2007). OnStar OnStar represent an example of Risk Response Development. OnStar provides wireless access to emergency and security services from General Motors vehicles. A great number of opponents were claiming that OnStar collect personal information and might use it for marketing and other purposes. The company did not try to refute the statement since the information is indeed collected: â€Å"You start [collecting] individual pieces of information that  seem benign,† he says. â€Å"But when you begin to combine bits of information it becomes less and less so.† White says OnStar, in storing data only in aggregate, is walking a fine line. â€Å"It is disingenuous to talk about aggregate data when you have the ability to differentiate it,† he says. There may not be a business case for creating individual profiles today, White adds, but there may be someday, and that’s when potential privacy violations will become a concern,† (CIO, 2006). The response of General Motors to the risk of having the idea of OnStar shot down due to the information collection, provoked the company to issue the results of the survey which indicated regardless of the above fact, a great number of drivers still choose OnStar: â€Å"It’s clear from the survey responses that women are looking for ways to enhance their peace of mind when driving — whether it’s a long-distance solo car trip, the daily commute to work, or simply ferrying kids to and from after school activities,† notes Chet Huber, OnStar President. â€Å"Ninety four percent of female subscribers say that OnStar provides peace of mind when they’re traveling alone; 87 percent of female subscribers say that OnStar provides that peace of mind when loved ones are traveling. And more than 70 percent of OnStar’s female subscribers tell us they prefer or will only purchase an OnStar equipped vehicle,† (OnStar, 2006). Researched Company Synopses Since its inception in 1958, NASA has accomplished many great scientific and technological feats in air and space. (NASA, 2007) With its continued research and development programs, the agency has provided a renewed interest in space, the planet and the environment in general. _Identified Issue_ NASA, in its quest to improve manned space exploration, began the Ares project. The project was initially created to develop a rocket that would enable astronauts to travel to the moon and eventually to the planet Mars. The organization needed assistance from private firms in the creation of the avionics unit that crew members would use to control navigation, guidance and other hardware (NASA, 2007). The organization needed to implement a process that would ensure that the winning contract go to the most qualified company. _Response to the Issue_ In order to ensure that the organization brings in a highly qualified private firm that knows exactly what NASA is looking for, the project team created a request for proposal. The issues covered included, but not limited to: 1. Synopsis of requirements and request for action 2. Statement of work (SOW) detailing the scope and major deliverables 3. Deliverable specifications/requirements, features, and tasks 4. Responsibilities–vendor and customer 5. Project timetable 6. Costs and payment schedule 7. Type of contract 8. Experience and staffing 9. Evaluation criteria (Gray & Larson, 2005, p. 52) _Outcome_ The organization, after interviewing and investigating several well qualified firms, hired the Boeing Company to provide support for both design and  production. Crew transportation to the International Space Station is planned to begin no later than 2014. The first lunar excursion is scheduled for the 2020 timeframe. (NASA, 2007) In 1998, the Hong Kong International Airport was opened. The construction took 6 years and cost upwards of $20 Billion USD. Although constructed under British Colonial rule, the airport began operations under Chinese law. As the world’s fifth busiest international passenger airport and most active worldwide air cargo operation, HKIA sees nearly 800 aircraft take off and land every day. (Hong Cong Airport, 2002) _Identified Issue_ As business increased at the airport, the ramp-handling operations began to experience delays. Aircraft ramp handling refers to services on the ramp for an aircraft. It includes loading and unloading of baggage, air cargo and air mail onto the aircraft, and transportation between the aircraft and the passenger terminal, air cargo terminals and the air mail centre. In addition, ramp handling services cover preparation for delivery onto aircraft of bulk baggage and baggage containers, aircraft loading bridge operation, and passenger stairs operation. (Hong Kong Airport, 2002) The airport needed a solution that would not impact the daily operations of the facilities. _Response to the Issue_ The HKIA leadership team decided to implement a wireless-enabled ramp management solution, which would enables control room staff to monitor the entire airport using computer terminals, links to airport-specific databases and existing IT infrastructure, as well as covers finance and accounting. (Hewlett Packard, 2003) In order to roll out the project, a work breakdown structure needed to be implemented. This allowed the team to align itself with the scope, define deliverables, create work packages, and assign specific duties to all involved. _Outcome_ The wireless-enabled ramp management solution integration was completed without incident, as far as daily airport activities were concerned. The ability to apply the technology into the existing wired network infrastructure meant that employees had options in accessing data, and performing their duties. Ramp workers are able to receive current operational information, more efficient utilization of employees throughout the facility, increase security through more accurate recording, and the ramp-handling operations has been able to keep up ith demands. (Hewlett Packard, 2003) _Identified Issue: Defining the elements of a project – Process Breakdown Structure (PBS)_ When an organization faces projects to produce tangible outcomes, such as design and building, WBS is an ideal way to attack them. When radical change in an organization is needed through a series of steps or phases, PBS is best suited to complete the project (Gray & Larson, 2006). Harrison-Keyes is striving for a radical change in transitioning the operation from print publishing to e-publishing. Honeywell, Incorporated serves as an example for Harrison-Keyes to benchmark as a similar radical change faced Honeywell in 1989. Harrison-Keyes should note that to drive transformational change as Honeywell accomplished then a PBS approach over a WBS should be considered. Honeywell began to experience lagging performance results in its industrial automation and control (IAC) business unit. Global competition was requiring manufacturing firms to operate more efficiently than ever before while maintaining high levels of quality. Customers from around the world ranging from refineries, chemical plants and paper mills purchased Honeywell’s TDC 3000X system to achieve world-class process control capability. Defects, production cycle-time and materials management had to be improved to remain competitive (D. Paper, J. Rodger & P. Pendarker, 2001). _Response to the Issue_ As a result of lagging performance a world-class -manufacturing (WCM) program was undertaken over a three-year period. Radical improvement measures were established to reduce defects by 1000% and production cycle-time by 500% (Paper, et al, 2001). To accomplish these revolutionary results Honeywell focused on processes and not detailed tasks. Multi-skilled workers in charge of building entire products or modules were favored over individual workers in a functional department. Resources were assigned to processes over individual tasks and factories were shut down for an intensive 6-hour training session with the need for radical change emphasized (Paper, et al, 2001). Employee motivation was instituted through pay for performance plans which were tied to salaried workers performance reviews. Through Honeywell’s PBS experience 10 key lessons of success were identified but two of them were identified as most critical to the outcome. _Outcome_ The two most critical lessons learned the Honeywell’s adaptation of radical change through PBS were 1) execution separates high performers from less successful PBS projects and 2) identification of the difficulty of change is not sufficient enough. The vision of the organization must change to reflect radical change (Paper, et al, 2001). The Honeywell PBS experience found that execution that is dependent upon behavioral change is extremely difficult and requires time to be successful. This is often in direct conflict with an organization’s requirements for quick profits and impatience (Paper, et al, 2001). Honeywell found the largest obstacle to successfully implementing via a PBS method was middle management resistance. Employees in middle management positions were notorious for being experts in their specific areas and the transition to a process expert over a specific functional area proved difficult to accomplish. With strong training programs and incentives, Honeywell overcame this hurdle and was eventually successfully in transforming the organization. _Identified Issue – Project Management Structure within a Functional  Organization_ Organizations often approach project management through their existing functional hierarchy and Harrison-Keyes is no different as it proceeds towards its adaptation to e-publishing. When organizations choose to adapt project management within their existing hierarchical structure they accept the disadvantages of this choice, which are lack of focus, poor integration, slowness, and lack of ownership (Gray & Larson, 2006). Similar to Harrison-Keyes, the Department of Defense (DOD) operates project management within a functional hierarchy with a dedicated project manager coordinating traffic. In a case study of the DOD project, Light Amphibian Heavy-Lift (LAMP-H), the disadvantages parallel Harrison-Keyes’s situation. The DOD’s experience serves as a benchmark for failure of project management within a functional organization and proposes a model to offset the issues that are encountered. _Response to the Issue_ Managing projects in the DOD has been described as the most complex process and the most difficult to manage under the best circumstances (J. Sutterfield, S. Friday-Stroud & S. Shivers-Blackwell, 2006). The Navy, Army, and Air Force compromise a formidable functional structure to navigate when coordinating projects. In the case of the LAMP-H project, three types of conflicts were identified in hindering the project, 1) interpersonal-based conflict, 2) task-based conflict and 3) process-based conflict (Sutterfield, et al, 2006). In response to identifying three broad-based conflict classifications the DOD case study created effective strategies to address them while managing projects. _Outcome_ Interpersonal-based conflict within the LAMP-H project was addressed with a strategy to compromise and build collaborative relationships. When the Army, Navy, and Air Force created win-win discussions all details of the LAMP-H project were agreed upon which resulted in a successful outcome of the  project (Sutterfield, et al, 2006). Task-based conflict resolution strategy is dependent upon the project manager and stakeholder’s position, power or influence. As a project manager evaluates these factors a determination can be made to deploy a competing, collaborating, or compromise strategy to effectively manage the project (Sutterfield, et al, 2006). Process-based conflict resolution cannot be influenced by a project manager because of the sequential requirements of a project. In other words, a step has to occur in its proper order for the project to proceed. This affords a heavier-handed approach towards stakeholders as less flexibility can be allowed in order to move the project forward. Because of this constraint, a competitive strategy to resolve conflict can be deployed. If flexibility is allowable within the project step a more collaborative approach can be considered (Sutterfield, et al, 2006). Successful conflict management within a project managed within a functional structure increases the likelihood of a project meeting with success. The Project-Conflict Management Framework developed from the DOD LAMP-H project provides Harrison-Keyes a methodology to resolve the current e-publishing project issues. Risk Management YouTube is a popular website that allows people to post, watch, and share video clips at no charge. While the site was initially created so the designer could share home movies with family members in other states, the website quickly caught on with the public and was soon a household name. In October, â€Å"2006 web juggernaut Google purchased YouTube for 1.65 Billion dollars in stock. Some analysts considered this a risky investment despite the 100 million plus page views YouTube receives daily† (Wood, 2006). In an article written by Daniel Wood of the Christian Science Monitor â€Å"many users cannot get enough of the idea and love the service because it is entertaining, informative, and a community of sharing things; but some concepts are too good to be true† (Wood, 2006). At any given time there are thousands of copyrighted videos illegally being shown on YouTube. â€Å"YouTube completely missed the boat by not immediately identifying the risk with  allowing user s to upload videos and making deals with television and movie studios prior to launching their service† (Wood, 2006). As news of lawsuits and boycotts spread YouTube has taken the stance that they have done everything in their power to remove copy written material from their site and are also quick to remove any videos that receive a complaint from a studio. Some users have received â€Å"cease and desist† letters from attorneys and are facing the threat of a lawsuit if copyrighted material is not taken down immediately (Wood, 2006). Recently Viacom announced a one billion dollar lawsuit against YouTube while accusing the company of â€Å"massive intentional copyright infringement† (Cashmore, 2007). Although consumers seem to enjoy the unlimited access to copyrighted work, other stakeholders are not dealing with the risks as well. â€Å"YouTube board members are becoming increasingly skeptical and worry that impending lawsuits and copyright issues will eventually do them in since they are not making a large profit† (Cashmore, 2007). In their defense the creator of YouTube obviously did not recognize the scope of this type of service in when it was created but Google knew exactly what it was getting into when they purchased the upstart company. Prior to Google purchasing YouTube members of the media predicted that the lack of a business model and persistent problems with copyright would eventually bankrupt the company (Murray, 2006). Analysts were comparing YouTube to Napster and imagined the company would soon suffer the same fate as the former king of peer to peer file sharing. Google undoubtedly recognized the risk involved with their purchase of YouTube but due to their deep pockets they can afford to take that risk while working on a solution that can appease copyright holders. â€Å"What Google ultimately wants to do is work with the companies that have their material posted by others on YouTube and give them a share of the profit from the add revenue† (Taylor, 2006). In order to do this, Google will have to create a suitable formula for  projecting profit amounts and will then have to negotiate with outside companies for agreements to avoid future legal issues. The explosion of YouTube has excited consumers and led some to predict the end of television reign, but has caused issues for almost everyone else involved. There was no legal and/or contractual consideration involved during the design or implementation stage and a strategy was never identified along with the project details. Paypal eBay Incorporated is an online auction site that provides buyers and sellers a place to trade goods and services for a fee. The site has made billions of dollars as the world’s largest online marketplace without the use of warehouse space, inventory or salespeople. â€Å"Pierre Omidyar initially launched Auction Web during the infancy on the Internet in 1995 as a market to sale collectible and rare items. Auction Web incorporated and changed its name to eBay in 1996 as the site was becoming more popular with everyday users† (Marketline, 2006). â€Å"PayPal was launched in 1999 under the name Confinity. The idealistic vision of the company was one of a borderless currency free from governmental controls. However, PayPal’s success quickly drew the attention of hackers, scam artists and organized crime groups, who used the service for frauds and money laundering† (Grabianowski, 2007). The payment system also caught on with the online auction community who found it was a safe and easy way to make and receive payments for goods without having to exchange sensitive information. â€Å"The site grew far too quickly for PayPal to handle and as a result the customers suffered† (Marketline, 2006). PayPal was able to work out some of the issues associated with their system but for the most part were always one step behind the criminals and scammers that were a threat to their system. When dealing with money it is essential that the risk is evaluated prior to taking the first transaction. In July of 2002 eBay announced they were purchasing PayPal for 1.5 billion dollars and phasing out their own fledgling payment section. While some buyers and sellers assumed PayPal is a bank, PayPal is actually an â€Å"account based system that services approximately 96 million total accounts which are available to users in 55 markets. The 96 million total PayPal accounts include approximately 19 million business and 77 million personal accounts† (Marketline, 2006). With the deep pockets of eBay behind the company, analysts assumed the security issues that were prevalent in the early days of PayPal would be quickly shored up. In fact fraud was occurring on the PayPal system in record amounts and the payment system soon caught the eye of government regulators who were forced to step in and investigate. â€Å"Regulators and attorney generals in several states, including New York and California, fined PayPal for violations and investigated the company’s business practices. Some states, such as Louisiana, banned PayPal from operating in their states altogether† (Grabianowski, 2007). PayPal has since received licenses to operate in those places but lost millions of dollars in revenues while playing catch up. Security issues were not the only problem that PayPal faced. In October of 2004, PayPal experienced five days of power outages. The Sudbury Star reported â€Å"continued intermittent service outages despite furious attempts to repair the ailing online payment service† (2004). There was a possibility that due to the system setup and lack of redundancy across the network that many accounts could be lost forever or profoundly affected by the power losses. PayPal had been playing catch up since 1999 and it looked like time was catching up to them (Grabianowski, 2007). The power outage allowed some but not all users to complete online transactions which resulted in a very frustrating situation for PayPal users and caused some long time account holders to close their PayPal account altogether. General Electric Co. – Robert Reimer _Similar Issue Facing GE/Harrison-Keyes Publications, Inc._ Harrison-Keyes is faced with a corporate culture that is different for every  department. Corporate politics has become the norm for any decision that needs to be made. The corporate culture that fosters a self-centered approach to results, coupled with their lack of project structure, has led them to failure to implement a successful plan. General Electric (GE) has faced similar issues in its long and illustrious history and has dealt with them in such a way as to build GE into a recognized global business leader. Specifically, GE has the following issues that they have confronted and that currently face Harrison-Keyes: 1. Aligning organizational culture with project structure to achieve their corporate strategies, 2. Create a corporate culture that does not tolerate corporate politics and in fact breeds a cooperative environment between management, employee, and the customer/authors, and 3. Identifying managers that are talented and that will perform. _GE’s Response to the Issues_ The former CEO of GE, Jack Welch, the recognized business leader of the twentieth century, has stated that â€Å"If you ran a baseball team, who would you want to hang out with? The head of player personnel or the chief accountant?† (ABA Banking Journal, 2006) Mr. Welch’s point is that in business, as in sports, â€Å"the whole game is about talent-whoever fields the best team wins. Nothing you do is more important as building talent. Spend at least half your time developing people† (ABA Banking Journal, 2006). GE has developed managers by encouraging their input and to take chances and by allowing them to take on leadership roles at young ages. GE has relied on performance based initiatives and rewards risk takers. As Mr. Welch has stated, â€Å"give people chances to try new things and run things when they’re 30, not 50. If you’re spending all your time developing good people†¦they can’t wait for you to grow. If you want new things, take care of the people who try things. When they make mistakes, praise them, or they’ll become afraid to make mistakes† (ABA Banking Journal, 2006). GE has also created a corporate culture that dismisses politics as a means to and end and encourages a culture that involves all members of the GE community, its senior management, its employees, and its customers. GE’s success has developed based on defining a corporate culture that is not individualized  by department but practiced as an organization. GE’s success is based on the acronym LATIN. Leadership in that they make sure they have the right leaders for the job and at the right time; Adaptability by developing flexible strategies; Talent by investing in high potential people; Influence by being a company that is proactive instead of reactive, and ; Networks wherein expectations are met by maintaining discipline and consistency (PR Newswire, 2007). This creates a corporate cult ure that advances the overall goals of GE, involves the entire company, and results in not only the creation, but the communication of this culture that results in projects that are structured for success. _Outcomes of GE’s Response_ The result of these corporate strategies and the resulting project structure has been that GE increased production and has empowered its employees by adopting a program called Work-Out (D’O’Brian, Joseph, 1994). This program was created following a â€Å"town meeting† format wherein employees at all levels are asked to gather and solve problems, ultimately coming up with solutions to specific problems. When they are done they pass these along to senior management. This program has changed the relationship between management-employee in several ways, the most significant being that it has â€Å"horizontalized the company to some degree: Individual accountability for specific products and functions is maintained, but it is easier for any employees to take a hand in improving the making or doing of any specific thing† (D’O’Brian, Joseph, 1994). As to identifying managers that are talented and will perform, Jack Welch, former CEO of GE advocates the policy of firing the worst performing staff on a yearly basis. Although controversial, this tactic has not harmed GE’s performance (MacAskill, John, 2007).